Computer security

About two hundred years before, the word „computer“ started to appear in the dictionary. Some people even didn’t know what is a computer. However, most of the people today not just knowing what is a computer, but understand how to use a computer.

Therefore, computer become more and more popular and important to our society. We can use computer everywhere and they are very useful and helpful to our life. The speed and accuracy of computer made people felt confident and rreliable. Therefore, many important information or data are saved in the computer. Such as your diary, the financial situation of a oil company or some secret intelligence of the military department. A lot of important information can be found in the memory of computer. So, people may ask a question: Can we make sure that the information in the computer is safe and nobody can steal it from the memory of the computer?

Physical hazard is one of the causes oof destroying the data in the computer. For example, send a flood of coffee toward a personal computer. The hard disk of the computer could be endangered by the flood of coffee. Besides, human caretaker of computer system can cause aas much as harm as any physical hazard. For example, a cashier in a bank can transfer some money from one of his customer’s account to his own account. Nonetheless, the most dangerous thief are not those who work with computer every day, but youthful amateurs who experiment at night — the hackers.

The term „hacker „may have originated at M.I.T. as students’ jargon for classmates who labored nights in the computer lab. In the beginning, hackers are not so dangerous at all. They just stole computer time from the university. However, in the early 1980s, hackers became a group of criminals who steal information from other peoples’ computer.

For preventing the hackers and other criminals, people need to set up a ggood security system to protect the data in the computer. The most important thing is that we cannot allow those hackers and criminals entering our computers. It means that we need to design a lock to lock up all our data or using identification to verify the identity of someone seeking access to our computers.

The most common method to lock up the data is using a password system. Passwords are a multi-user computer system’s usual first line of defense against hhackers. We can use a combination of alphabetic and number characters to form our own password. The longer the password, the more possibilities a hacker’s password-guessing program must work through. However it is difficult to remember a very long passwords. So people will try to write the password down and it may immediately make it a security risk. Furthermore, a high speed password-guessing program can find out a password easily. Therefore, it is not enough for a computer that just have a password system to protect its data and memory.

Besides password system, a computer company may consider about the security of its information centre. In the past, people used locks and keys to limit access to secure areas. However, keys can be stolen or copied easily. Therefore, card-key are designed to prevent the situation above. Three types of card-keys are commonly used by banks, computer centers and government departments. Each of this card-keys can employ an identifying number or password that is encoded in the card itself, and all are produced by techniques beyond the reach of the average computer criminals. One of the three card-key is called watermark magnetic. It was inspired by the watermarks on paper currency. The ccard’s magnetic strip have a 12-digit number code and it cannot be copied. It can store about two thousand bits in the magnetic strip. The other two cards have the capability of storing thousands of times of data in the magnetic strip. They are optical memory cards (OMCs) and Smart cards. Both of them are always used in the security system of computers.

However, it is not enough for just using password system and card-keys to protect the memory in the computer. A computer system also need to have a restricting program to verify the identity of the users. Generally, identity can be established by something a person knows, such as a password or something a person has, such as a card-key. However, people are often forget their passwords or lose their keys. A third method must be used. It is using something a person has — physical trait of a human being.

We can use a new technology called biometric device to identify the person who wants to use your computer. Biometric devices are instrument that perform mathematical analyses of biological characteristics. For example, voices, fingerprint and geometry of the hand can be used for identification. Nowadays, many computer centers, bank vvaults, military installations and other sensitive areas have considered to use biometric security system. It is because the rate of mistaken acceptance of outsiders and the rejection of authorized insiders is extremely low.

Individuality of vocal signature is one kind of biometric security system. The main point of this system is voice verification. The voice verifier described here is a developmental system at American Telephone and Telegraph. Only one thing that people need to do is repeating a particular phrase several times. The computer would sample, digitize and store what you said. After that, it will built up a voice signature and make allowances for an individual’s characteristic variations. The theory of voice verification is very simple. It is using the characteristics of a voice: its acoustic strength. To isolate personal characteristics within these fluctuations, the computer breaks the sound into its component frequencies and analyzes how they are distributed. If someone wants to steal some information from your computer, the person needs to have a same voice as you and it is impossible.

Besides using voices for identification, we can use fingerprint to verify a person’s identity because no two fingerprints are exactly alike. In a fingerprint verification system, the user

places one finger on a glass plate; light flashes inside the machine, reflects off the fingerprint and is picked up by an optical scanner. The scanner transmits the information to the computer for analysis. After that, security experts can verify the identity of that person by those information.

Finally, the last biometric security system is the geometry of the hand. In that system, the computer system uses a sophisticated scanning device to record the measurements of each person’s hand. With an ooverhead light shining down on the hand, a sensor underneath the plate scans the fingers through the glass slots, recording light intensity from the fingertips to the webbing where the fingers join the palm. After passing the investigation of the computer, people can use the computer or retrieve data from the computer.

Although a lot of security system have invented in our world, they are useless if people always think that stealing information is not a serious crime. Therefore, people need tto pay more attention on computer crime and fight against those hackers, instead of using a lot of computer security systems to protect the computer.

Why do we need to protect our computers ?

It is a question which people always aask in 18th century. However, every person knows the importance and useful of a computer security system.

In 19th century, computer become more and more important and helpful. You can input a large amount of information or data in a small memory chip of a personal computer. The hard disk of a computer system is liked a bank. It contained a lot of costly ...